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Despite available reports on phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity (AOC) of fresh plums and prunes, there is a scarcity of published knowledge on the antioxidants formed and/or released during the drying process in the lit...
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Despite available reports on phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity (AOC) of fresh plums and prunes, there is a scarcity of published knowledge on the antioxidants formed and/or released during the drying process in the literature. To evaluate the compounds participating in reducing capacity of prunes, we compared aqueous and methanol extracts of fresh plums, commercial prunes and home-made prunes prepared at different drying temperatures using an HPLC method with amperometric detection (HPLC-ECD). The prunes dried at high temperature (90 degrees C, 18 h) in kitchen or laboratory oven with restricted ventilation gave up to 3.3 times higher electrochemical capacity (EC) than fresh plums (dry matter; P. domestica cv. Domestica) in dependence on production protocol. Drying at 60 degrees C (low-temperature drying) for 18 h did not change the EC significantly. Yet, lower EC was found in commercial tenderized prunes with sorbate; they were by a factor of 1.1-8.2 lower in EC than the prepared low-temperature prunes. The principle responsible for the increase in EC in the prunes prepared at high temperatures is 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-(4H)-pyran-4-one (DDMP). It was not detected until 74 degrees C was set during isothermal 18 h drying or until 6 h of drying passed at 90 degrees C drying. The ultimate acceptable dwell-time for the preparation of conveniently eatable prunes dried at 90 degrees C under the conditions used was assessed to 12 h. The EC of plums and prunes as well as the role of DDMP was confirmed by the use of several methods for the assessment of AOC-DPPH assay, beta-carotene bleaching method, Oxipres test and Schaal oven test.
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The growth, and dispersal of stocked European grayling Thymallus thymallus, reared in a hatchery (fed dry food pellets) or in a pond (fed natural food), compared with their wild conspecifics was assessed from the recapture of indi...
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The growth, and dispersal of stocked European grayling Thymallus thymallus, reared in a hatchery (fed dry food pellets) or in a pond (fed natural food), compared with their wild conspecifics was assessed from the recapture of individually tagged fish 168 days after their release into the Blanice River, Czech Republic. Recapture rates and site fidelity were higher for wild T. thymallus than for artificially reared fish. Specific growth rate and upstream or downstream dispersal did not significantly differ between any of the groups of fish. An influence of rearing conditions (pond v. hatchery) on the overall performance of stocked fish was not demonstrated. Initially, lower condition factors of reared T. thymallus were equal to wild fish after recapture, suggesting adaptation of artificially reared fish that remained in the sections studied.
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The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Cyperkill 25 EC (a.i. cypermethrin 250 g/l) on cumulative mortality, growth indices, and ontogenetic development of embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). An earl...
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The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Cyperkill 25 EC (a.i. cypermethrin 250 g/l) on cumulative mortality, growth indices, and ontogenetic development of embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). An early-life stage toxicity test was used. Liver, intestine, kidneys, and gills of surviving larvae were examined, and the activity of the detoxifying and antioxidative enzymes glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was determined. Eggs of common carp 24 h post-fertilisation were exposed for 35 days to Cyperkill 25 EC at concentrations of 7.2, 36, 72, 144, and 360 mu g/l containing the active ingredient cypermethrin at concentrations of 1.8, 9, 18, 36, and 90 mu g/l, respectively. All larvae exposed to concentrations higher than 144 mu g/l showed signs of damage after five days and died in the next two days; at concentrations of 72 and 36 mu g/l total mortality was observed several days after hatching. Larvae exposed to 7.2 mu g/l survived to the end of the test but showed significantly lower growth (P < 0.01) and retarded ontogenetic development compared to controls. Examination of these larvae did not reveal histological changes. Activity of GST, GR, and GPx in the exposed group was significantly lower (P < 0.01), while CAT and TBARS did not show significant differences from controls. Exposure to Cyperkill 25 EC affected hatching and survival at tested concentrations above 7.2 mu g/l. Alterations in oxidative stress parameters and retarded growth and ontogenetic development were evident at 7.2 mu g/l.
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The effects of terbutryn at concentrations of 0.02 (reported concentration in Czech rivers), 0.2, and 2.0 mu gl(-1) were assessed in one-year-old common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) exposed for 90 days. Influence on biometric paramet...
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The effects of terbutryn at concentrations of 0.02 (reported concentration in Czech rivers), 0.2, and 2.0 mu gl(-1) were assessed in one-year-old common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) exposed for 90 days. Influence on biometric parameters, hematology, biochemistry, histology, and oxidative stress was investigated. Exposure to 0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 mu gl(-1) showed significant differences oxidative stress biomarkers compared to controls but exposure to 0.2 and 2.0 [mu gl(-1) significantly affected biochemical and hematological profiles. Long-term exposure of terbutryn in carp resulted in slight alterations in internal organs and increased reactive oxygen species formation, resulting in oxidative damage to lipids and proteins and inhibition of antioxidant capacities
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The study aimed to assess the effects of a therapeutic bath of five different antiparasitic drugs, in different baths and durations: fenbendazole (25 mg l(-1), 12 h and 2 x 12 h), formaldehyde (0.17 ml l(-1), 15 min), ivermectin (...
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The study aimed to assess the effects of a therapeutic bath of five different antiparasitic drugs, in different baths and durations: fenbendazole (25 mg l(-1), 12 h and 2 x 12 h), formaldehyde (0.17 ml l(-1), 15 min), ivermectin (0.031 mg l(-1), 1 h), mebendazole (1 mg l(-1), 12 h) and levamisole ( 50 mg l(-1), 2 h and 3 x 1 h) on the reduction on the intensity and prevalence of a monogenean infection (Dactylogyrus anchoratus) in juvenile carp. The best effect on reducing the parasite number was achieved with the bath in formaldehyde (0.17 ml l(-1), 15 min) and fenbendazole (25 mg l(-1), 2 x 12 h with 24 h break), where the infection was reduced by more than 90%. Registered veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) with the active substance of fenbendazole can successfully replace the use of unregistered formaldehyde in the treatment of monogenean infections.
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摘要 :
The study aimed to assess the effects of a therapeutic bath of five different antiparasitic drugs, in different baths and durations: fenbendazole (25 mg l(-1), 12 h and 2 x 12 h), formaldehyde (0.17 ml l(-1), 15 min), ivermectin (...
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The study aimed to assess the effects of a therapeutic bath of five different antiparasitic drugs, in different baths and durations: fenbendazole (25 mg l(-1), 12 h and 2 x 12 h), formaldehyde (0.17 ml l(-1), 15 min), ivermectin (0.031 mg l(-1), 1 h), mebendazole (1 mg l(-1), 12 h) and levamisole ( 50 mg l(-1), 2 h and 3 x 1 h) on the reduction on the intensity and prevalence of a monogenean infection (Dactylogyrus anchoratus) in juvenile carp. The best effect on reducing the parasite number was achieved with the bath in formaldehyde (0.17 ml l(-1), 15 min) and fenbendazole (25 mg l(-1), 2 x 12 h with 24 h break), where the infection was reduced by more than 90%. Registered veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) with the active substance of fenbendazole can successfully replace the use of unregistered formaldehyde in the treatment of monogenean infections.
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Background: Effects of acute and subchronic exposure of fish to s-triazine herbicides have been well documented, but data on the effects of prometryn on blood analytes in carp at environmentally realistic concentrations are lackin...
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Background: Effects of acute and subchronic exposure of fish to s-triazine herbicides have been well documented, but data on the effects of prometryn on blood analytes in carp at environmentally realistic concentrations are lacking. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether biometrics, blood analytes, and histopathology could serve as bioindicators in fish living in waters polluted by triazine. Methods: Fish were exposed to prometryn at concentrations of 0.51 (reported concentration in Czech rivers), 8.0, and 80 micro g/L for 14, 30, and 60 days. Prior to and during this period, biometrics, blood analytes, and histopathology were evaluated. Results: After 60 days' exposure to 8.0 and 80 micro g/L of prometryn, spleen weights (P<.05) and lactate (P<.01) levels were significantly lower, and concentrations of HGB (P<.01) and MHC (P<.01) and MCHC (P<.01) were higher, relative to controls. After 30 and 60 days' exposure to 0.51, 8.0, and 80 micro g/L of prometryn, AST activity, calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphate levels were lower (P<.01), while creatinine concentration and ALT activity were higher (P<.01) than in controls. Glucose was higher after exposure to 80 micro g/L after 30 and 60 days, and after 60 days' exposure to 8.0 micro g/L. Renal histology revealed severe hyaline degeneration of the epithelial cells of caudal kidney tubules in fish at all exposure levels. Conclusions: This study shows effects in fish blood at a concentration of 0.51 micro g/L of prometryn, a significant finding in view of prometryn reaching a maximum of 4.4 micro g/L or less in European rivers. Select blood analytes, such as creatinine, and histologic changes in caudal kidney are potential biomarkers for monitoring residual triazine pesticides in Common Carp.
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The aim of the study was to determine the amino acid composition in fillet proteins of newly bred mirror carp lines. In the experiments, the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) were used at the maternal position. These were crossed with ma...
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The aim of the study was to determine the amino acid composition in fillet proteins of newly bred mirror carp lines. In the experiments, the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) were used at the maternal position. These were crossed with male carp other breeds (top crossing). They included the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) for the production of a pure line, the Hungarian mirror line (L15), the Israeli breed (DOR70) and the Northern mirror carp (M72). The scaly hybrid of the Ropsha (ROP) and the Tataj (TAT) carp was used as a control. In view of the genetic specification of the carp groups monitored, numerous differences (P<0.01 and P<0.05) in the composition of specific amino acids (EAA: Val, Leu, Lys, Arg, Met; NEAA: Asp, Glu, Tyr) and their total amounts (EAAsum, NEAAsum) were found between the scaly control (ROP x TAT) and the pure line M2. Higher amino acid values were found in control hybrids. Compositions of amino acids in fillet muscle tissue of experimental mirror carp (M2 x L15, M2 x DOR70) were practically identical. When compared with the controls (ROP x TAT), these carp groups contained less (P<0.01) Leu, Lys, Arg and Glu. A composition of amino acids statistically comparable with the controls (ROP x TAT) was found only in the M2 x M72 hybrid with the exception of Glu, which was found in smaller quantities in this hybrid (P<0.01). In terms of sex differences, the greatest amounts of amino acids were found in fillets of male ROP x TAT controls, the amino acid compositions in male and female mirror carp were practically the same. In this type of evaluation, like amino acid composition, the only carp comparable with the ROP x TAT control is the M2 x M72 hybrid.
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bifenthrin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The 96-h LC50 value of Talstar EC 10 (active substance 100 g l(-1) bifenthrin) was found to be 57.5 mu g l(-1). Examination of haema...
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bifenthrin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The 96-h LC50 value of Talstar EC 10 (active substance 100 g l(-1) bifenthrin) was found to be 57.5 mu g l(-1). Examination of haematological and biochemical profiles and histological tissue examination was performed on common carp after 96 h of exposure to Talstar EC 10 (57.5 mu g l(-1)). The experimental group showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) values of plasma glucose, ammonia, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase as well as the relative and absolute monocyte count, compared with the control group. Histological examination revealed teleangioectasiae of secondary gill lamellae and degeneration of hepatocytes. The bifenthrin-based Talstar EC 10 pesticide preparation was classified as a substance strongly toxic for fish.
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摘要 :
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bifenthrin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The 96-h LC50 value of Talstar EC 10 (active substance 100 g l(-1) bifenthrin) was found to be 57.5 mu g l(-1). Examination of haema...
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bifenthrin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The 96-h LC50 value of Talstar EC 10 (active substance 100 g l(-1) bifenthrin) was found to be 57.5 mu g l(-1). Examination of haematological and biochemical profiles and histological tissue examination was performed on common carp after 96 h of exposure to Talstar EC 10 (57.5 mu g l(-1)). The experimental group showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) values of plasma glucose, ammonia, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase as well as the relative and absolute monocyte count, compared with the control group. Histological examination revealed teleangioectasiae of secondary gill lamellae and degeneration of hepatocytes. The bifenthrin-based Talstar EC 10 pesticide preparation was classified as a substance strongly toxic for fish.
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